What does encapsulation involve in networking?

Encapsulation in networking refers to the process of adding headers (and sometimes trailers) to a data packet at each layer of the OSI model as the data is prepared for transmission across a network. This is essential for ensuring that the data is properly organized and understood by the receiving device.

As data is passed down through the layers, each layer adds its own header that contains specific information required for that layer’s functionalities, such as source and destination addresses, control information, and protocol-specific details. This layered approach allows for modular communication, where each layer can work independently while still providing the necessary information for successful delivery. When the encapsulated data reaches its destination, the headers are removed in reverse order to retrieve the original data.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of encapsulation. Transmitting data packets without modification would imply an absence of headers, which contradicts the process of encapsulation. Removing all layers from a data packet does not fit the definition, as encapsulation focuses on adding layers rather than removing them. Lastly, directly connecting two devices without any data formatting does not account for the necessary structuring and metadata that encapsulation provides, which is critical for effective communication in networking.