The primary function of a proxy server is to act as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers. When a client makes a request for a resource, such as a web page or file, the request first goes to the proxy server. The proxy server then forwards the request to the appropriate server, retrieves the resource, and sends it back to the client. This process allows for several benefits, such as improved security, as the proxy server can filter requests and responses, and caching, which can enhance performance by storing previously accessed resources.
By serving as a middleman, proxy servers can also provide anonymity, as clients do not directly interact with the destination server, making it difficult to trace the request back to the client. This function is critical in various scenarios, including corporate networks where monitoring and controlling internet access is necessary.
Other options touch on related concepts but do not capture the essence of a proxy server's primary role. For instance, while enhancing network speed and reducing latency is a benefit of using a proxy due to caching, that is a secondary effect of its main function as an intermediary. The role of providing secure connections or acting as a gateway aligns more closely with other networking devices and functions, such as firewalls and routers.