What term describes the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks?

The term that describes the process of dividing a network into smaller subnetworks is subnetting. Subnetting is a fundamental concept in network design that involves creating smaller segments within a larger network, known as subnets. This practice enhances both the management and efficiency of the overall network by allowing for better organization of IP address assignments and improved security controls.

By subnetting, network administrators can reduce broadcast domains, which helps in minimizing unnecessary traffic and improving performance. Additionally, subnetting facilitates better use of IP addresses, particularly in IPv4, where address scarcity can be an issue. Each subnet can have its own range of IP addresses, subnet mask, and network policies, making them distinct from one another while still belonging to the larger network.

In contrast, routing refers to the process of determining the best path for data to travel across networks, switching involves the forwarding of data packets between devices on the same local area network (LAN), and IP mapping typically refers to the association of IP addresses to physical addresses or device names, which does not pertain to dividing a network into smaller segments.