Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end communication?

The Transport Layer, which is the fourth layer of the OSI model, is responsible for end-to-end communication. Its primary purpose is to ensure that data is transferred accurately and reliably from the source to the destination across the network.

One of the key functions of the Transport Layer is segmentation, which involves breaking down large messages into smaller segments to facilitate reliable transmission. Additionally, it provides error detection and correction mechanisms, ensuring that any lost or corrupted segments can be retransmitted. It also enables flow control, which prevents the sender from overwhelming the receiver with too much data at once, thereby managing the rate of data transmission.

Protocols that operate at this layer, such as TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol), exemplify the layer's role in end-to-end communication. TCP, for instance, establishes a connection-oriented session that guarantees reliable delivery, while UDP offers a connectionless alternative that is faster but does not guarantee delivery.

In contrast, the other layers mentioned in the question serve different purposes. The Data Link Layer primarily focuses on node-to-node data transfer and framing, while the Network Layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing of packets between devices on different networks. The Session Layer is dedicated to managing sessions or connections between applications, but